代词 Pronouns
考试：📘 KET ✓ 📙 PET ✓ 分类：词法 考试入口：KET语法清单 | PET语法清单 关联：名词与冠词 Nouns & Articles
核心规则（Grammar Core）
代词全家福
| 人称 | 主格 | 宾格 | 形容词性物主 | 名词性物主 | 反身 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 我 | I | me | my | mine | myself |
| 你 | you | you | your | yours | yourself |
| 他 | he | him | his | his | himself |
| 她 | she | her | her | hers | herself |
| 它 | it | it | its | — | itself |
| 我们 | we | us | our | ours | ourselves |
| 你们 | you | you | your | yours | yourselves |
| 他们 | they | them | their | theirs | themselves |
怎么区分用哪个？
| 位置 | 用什么 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 主语（动词前） | 主格 | She likes music. |
| 宾语（动词/介词后） | 宾格 | Give it to her. |
| 名词前面 | 形容词性物主 | This is my book. |
| 独立使用（不跟名词） | 名词性物主 | The book is mine. |
| ”自己” | 反身代词 | She did it herself. |
形容词性 vs 名词性物主代词 ⚠️
This is my book. ← my + 名词 = 形容词性
This book is mine. ← mine 独立使用 = 名词性
mine = my book
KET 高频句式：
— Whose bag is this? — It’s mine. / It’s hers. / It’s ours.
it 的特殊用法
| 用法 | 例句 |
|---|---|
| 指天气 | It’s sunny today. |
| 指时间 | It’s 3 o’clock. |
| 指距离 | It’s 5 km from here to school. |
| 形式主语 | It’s important to study hard.（📙 PET） |
Grammar Lens
对比辨析：its vs it’s ⚠️⚠️
KET 写作第一大陷阱——连英语母语者都会犯！
its it’s 它的（物主代词，无撇号） it is 的缩写 The dog wagged its tail. It’s a beautiful day. The city is famous for its food. It’s the best restaurant here. 终极记忆法：
- 看到 it’s → 心里读 “it is”，说得通就是 it’s ✅
- 说不通 → 用 its（没有撇号）✅
测试：“The cat licked ___ paw.” → “The cat licked it is paw.” ❌ 说不通 → 用 its ✅
所有物主代词都不加撇号：my, your, his, her, its, our, their。加了撇号 = 缩写。
对比辨析：they/their/there/they’re
| 词 | 含义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| they | 他们（主格） | They are students. |
| their | 他们的（物主） | Their school is big. |
| there | 那里（地点） | The book is over there. |
| they’re | they are 缩写 | They’re playing football. |
😂 Grammar Joke
代词引发的误会
Two boys talking: Jack: “My dad is stronger than your dad!” Tom: “No way! My dad is stronger than yours!” Jack: “My dad can beat your dad!” Tom: “That’s nothing. My mum can beat my dad.” Jack: ”…”
两个男孩用物主代词比爹：my dad（我爸）vs your dad（你爸）vs yours（你的）。 最后 Tom 说”我妈能打赢我爸”——用 my 指自己的妈和爸，代词全对，但画面不太对。
语法点：my/your（形容词性，后面跟名词）vs mine/yours（名词性，独立使用）。Tom 那句 “My mum can beat my dad” 里两个 my 指不同的人——代词的指代必须从上下文判断。
🏛 语言文化光点
英语为什么没有”您”？
中文有”你/您”，法语有 “tu/vous”，德语有 “du/Sie”——都区分普通和尊敬称呼。但现代英语只有 you。
其实古英语有！thou（你）用于亲密对象，you（您）用于正式场合。莎士比亚的剧本里到处是 thou：“Romeo, Romeo, wherefore art thou Romeo?”
到了17世纪，英国人觉得对谁都说 you 更礼貌，thou 就逐渐消失了。所以今天英语的 you 其实是”您”，而亲密的”你”反而消失了——英语成了全世界最”客气”的语言之一。
例题精讲
例1（📘 KET · 基础选择）
I saw Tom and gave _____ a book. A. he B. him C. his
答案：B。gave 后面 = 宾语 → 宾格 him。
例2（📘 KET · whose 回答）
— Whose jacket is this? Is it _____? — No, it isn’t _____. Ask Sarah — I think it’s _____.
答案：yours, mine, hers。独立使用（不跟名词）→ 名词性物主代词。
例3（📘 KET · its vs it’s）
The cat is hungry. _____ bowl is empty. _____ time to feed _____.
答案：Its（它的碗）, It’s（it is 缩写）, it（宾格）。
例4（📙 PET · 反身代词）
She looked at _____ in the mirror and smiled.
答案：herself。主语和宾语是同一人 → 反身代词。
例5（📙 PET · one/ones 替代）
— Which shirt do you like? — I like the blue one. / I like the blue ones.（复数）
one/ones 替代前面提过的名词，避免重复。PET 阅读常见。
📖 Real English · 真实阅读
🔵 A Dog Called Hachiko
In 1924, a professor in Tokyo had a dog. He named him Hachiko. Every day, Hachiko walked his owner to the train station and waited for him to come home. One day, the professor did not return — he had died at work. But Hachiko didn’t know. He went to the station every single day for the next nine years, waiting for his master. People saw him there and brought him food. When Hachiko himself died in 1935, the whole country mourned. Today, there is a bronze statue of him outside Shibuya Station. It is one of the most famous meeting spots in Japan. If you go there, you will see it for yourself.
🔵 Two Sisters, Two Dreams
Emma and Lily are twins, but they are very different from each other. Emma loves science — her dream is to become a doctor. She spends most of her time reading medical books. “This career is perfect for me,” she says. Lily prefers art. Her paintings are beautiful. She once painted a portrait of their grandmother, and everyone in the family said it looked exactly like her. “Art is mine,” Lily says. “Science is hers. We each have ours.”
🔵 Neil Armstrong’s Famous Words
When Neil Armstrong stepped onto the moon in 1969, he said: “That’s one small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind.” But many people heard it differently. They thought he said “one small step for man” — without the “a.” Armstrong himself insisted he said “a man.” Scientists later studied the audio recording. They found a tiny gap where the “a” should be, but it was too quiet to hear. Was it there or wasn’t it? Nobody knows for sure. His words changed history either way — and they belong to all of us.
📝 中文注释（先读完英文再展开）
忠犬八公：he/him/his 交替出现——he 做主语、him 做宾语、his 做物主代词。himself 是反身代词（“八公自己”去世）。最后 it 指代雕像，yourself 呼应读者”你自己”。
双胞胎姐妹：she/her/hers 三种形式密集出现。“Art is mine, science is hers, we each have ours”——三个名词性物主代词（mine/hers/ours）连用，独立使用不跟名词。their grandmother 用复数物主代词指两人共有的祖母。
阿姆斯特朗的名言：登月名言中 “a man” vs “man” 的争议。he/it/they/his 在叙事中反复出现。himself 表强调（“阿姆斯特朗本人坚持”）。最后 they belong to all of us——us 是第一人称复数宾格。
练习题
📘 KET 基础（5题）
- This is _____ (I) sister. _____ (she) name is Lucy.
- The book on the desk is _____ (he).
- _____ raining outside. Take _____ umbrella.（it / your）
- We enjoyed _____ at the party last night.（our / ours / ourselves）
- — Is this your phone? — No, _____ is black. This one is white.
📙 PET 进阶（3题）
- 改错：
Everyone should bring they’re own lunch. - 填空：The teacher told the students to behave _____ during the trip.
- 用 one/ones 改写：I don’t like these shoes. I prefer those shoes. →
🔗 节点关系
名词与冠词（代词替代名词）
↓
代词 ──────────┬─ 主格/宾格 → 五大句型的主语和宾语
├─ 物主代词 → whose 疑问句
├─ 反身代词 → PET 进阶
└─ it 形式主语 → Phase 3 中考兼容
双链跳转： 名词与冠词 Nouns & Articles | 五大基本句型 Five Sentence Patterns | 疑问句 Questions
Code & Rob · K12英语语法库 · KET/PET, 2026