主谓一致 Subject-Verb Agreement
考试：📙 PET ✓ 中考 ✓ 分类：句型结构 考试入口：PET语法清单 关联：代词 Pronouns | 名词与冠词 Nouns & Articles
核心规则（Grammar Core）
基础原则：主语决定动词形式
| 主语 | 动词形式 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 单数名词 / he / she / it | 动词 +s | The dog runs fast. |
| 复数名词 / they / we / you | 动词原形 | The dogs run fast. |
| I | 动词原形（am 除外） | I run every day. |
陷阱主语一览表 ⚠️
| 主语类型 | 规则 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| everyone / everyone / no one / nobody | 单数（听起来像复数，其实是单数） | Everyone is here. |
| someone / somebody / anyone / anybody | 单数 | Someone has taken my pen. |
| each / every + 名词 | 单数 | Each student has a book. |
| either / neither（单独使用） | 单数 | Neither is correct. |
| either…or / neither…nor | 就近原则：动词跟靠近的主语一致 | Either Tom or his friends are coming. |
| 集合名词（team/family/class/group） | 英式：整体单数；细节复数 | The team is ready.（整体）/ The team are arguing.（成员各自） |
| the number of + 复数 | 单数 | The number of students is 30. |
| a number of + 复数 | 复数 | A number of students are absent. |
There is / There are
| 后面接什么 | 用什么 |
|---|---|
| 单数名词 / 不可数名词 | There is a book. / There is some water. |
| 复数名词 | There are three books. |
| 单数 + 复数（就近原则） | There is a pen and two books. |
Grammar Lens
对比辨析：the number of vs a number of ⚠️
一字之差，动词完全相反
The number of students IS 30. ↑ "学生的数量" → 说的是数量本身 → 单数 A number of students ARE absent. ↑ "很多学生" → 说的是学生们 → 复数记忆法：
- the number = 那个数字 → 数字是单数
- a number = 一些 → 等于 many，指人 → 复数
对比辨析：either…or / neither…nor
Either Tom or his friends ARE coming. ← friends（复数）在后 → 复数
Either his friends or Tom IS coming. ← Tom（单数）在后 → 单数
Neither she nor I AM ready. ← I 在后 → am
Neither I nor she IS ready. ← she 在后 → is
就近原则：动词跟离它最近的那个主语保持一致。
不可数名词陷阱
不可数名词永远是单数，即使听起来像很多：
| 不可数名词 | 对应动词 |
|---|---|
| information is | advice is |
| news is | furniture is |
| luggage is | homework is |
| money is | music is |
“The news are bad.” ❌ → “The news is bad.” ✅
主谓之间有插入语
插入语（从句、介词短语等）夹在主谓之间时，忽略插入语，看真正的主语：
The book on the shelves IS old. ← 主语是 book（单数）
The students in our class ARE smart. ← 主语是 students（复数）
My brother, along with his friends, IS coming. ← along with 是介词短语，不影响主语
😂 Grammar Joke
Grammar Police
Teacher: “The team are playing well today.” Grammar Nerd: “The team IS playing well. Team is singular!” Teacher: “Actually, in British English, collective nouns can take a plural verb when we focus on the individual members.” Grammar Nerd: ”…” Teacher: “The grammar police ARE losing this argument.” Grammar Nerd: “ARE? Police is a collective noun!” Teacher: “Some battles are not worth fighting.”
police 是集合名词，在英式英语中通常用复数（The police are investigating.）。这场关于主谓一致的辩论，永远没有终点。
🏛 语言文化光点
英语主谓一致为何这么复杂？
古英语有丰富的动词变位系统，类似今天的德语（ich bin / du bist / er ist）。英语在历史演变中大量简化，大多数动词只剩两种形式（run / runs），但”遗留规则”依然存在。
集合名词的单复数争议，是英式英语 vs 美式英语最明显的分歧之一：
- 英式：“The government have decided to raise taxes.”
- 美式：“The government has decided to raise taxes.”
BBC、《卫报》的记者用英式，CNN、《纽约时报》的记者用美式。没有对错，只有语境。
例题精讲
例1（📙 PET · 基础）
Everyone in the two classes _____ (have/has) already submitted the homework.
答案：has。Everyone = 单数，中间的 “in the two classes” 是插入语，忽略。
例2（📙 PET · 就近原则）
Neither the teacher nor the students _____ (was/were) happy with the result.
答案：were。just near: students（复数）在后 → were。
例3（📙 PET · 不可数名词）
The information we collected _____ (is/are) very useful.
答案：is。information 不可数 → 永远单数。
例4（中考 · there be）
There _____ (is/are) a pen, two rulers and a book on the desk.
答案：is。就近原则：最靠近 there be 的是 a pen（单数）→ is。
例5（中考 · the number of）
The number of people learning English _____ (is/are) increasing every year.
答案：is。the number of = “……的数量”，单数。
📖 Real English · 真实阅读
🔵 The School Team
The school basketball team is very good this year. But the team are not always easy to manage — some players want to shoot every time, while others prefer to pass. The coach, along with his two assistants, has been working hard to create a strategy. “Every player has a role,” he says. “Each one of them is important.” Neither the starting five nor the substitutes are allowed to miss practice without a reason. The number of wins this season is already ten. A number of schools have asked to play against them.
🔵 Nobody Told Me
“Nobody tells me anything in this family!” Sara said at breakfast. Her mother looked up. “Everyone tells you everything. You just don’t listen.” Her father added, “Either you listen or the information goes straight through you.” Her little brother grinned. “Neither Mom nor Dad is wrong.” Sara stared at him. “Since when does a number of opinions from this family count as actual information? The news at this table is always the same: nobody understands me.” Her mother poured more juice. “Some things never change. And some things — some things really are a mystery.”
🔵 A Number of Surprises
The number of languages spoken in New York City is over 800 — more than anywhere else on Earth. A number of linguists have called it “the world’s most linguistically diverse city.” But not everyone agrees on what counts as a separate language. Neither the scientists nor the government has a single definition. “Each language has its own story,” said one researcher. “The family of languages spoken in Queens alone is remarkable. The team studying them has been working for fifteen years — and they say they are nowhere near finished.”
📝 中文注释（先读完英文再展开）
校队：对比集合名词用法——“The team is”（整体）vs “the team are”（成员行为）。“along with his assistants, has”——插入语不影响主语 the coach（单数）。“the number of wins is ten”（那个数字是10）vs “a number of schools have”（许多学校）。
没人告诉我：密集的陷阱主语——Nobody（单数）、Everyone（单数）、Either…or（就近）、Neither…nor（就近：Dad 是单数 → is）、a number of opinions（复数）。“the news is always the same”——news 是不可数名词，永远单数。
无数个惊喜：The number of languages is 800 vs A number of linguists have。Neither the scientists nor the government has——就近原则：government 单数 → has。The team studying them has——team 作为研究整体 → 单数。
练习题
📙 PET 基础（5题）
- Each of the answers _____ (is/are) worth 5 points.
- Neither of the options _____ (seem/seems) right.
- The number of mistakes in your essay _____ (have/has) decreased.
- A number of students _____ (was/were) late this morning.
- There _____ (is/are) a lot of furniture in this room.
中考综合（3题）
- 改错：
“Everyone have finished their work.” - 填空：Either my sister or my parents _____ (is/are) going to pick me up.
- 翻译：“这个班的学生数量增加了。” → _____
🔗 节点关系
名词与冠词（可数 / 不可数 → 影响单复数）
↓
主谓一致 ──┬── 就近原则（either...or / neither...nor / there be）
├── 陷阱主语（everyone / each / a number of / the number of）
└── 集合名词（team / family / class）→ 英美用法差异
双链跳转： 代词 Pronouns | 名词与冠词 Nouns & Articles | 五大基本句型 Five Sentence Patterns | 连词 Conjunctions
🔗 高频枢纽词 词枢纽 →
以下词汇属于 K12 词枢纽，在本节点高频出现——点击可查看同义辨析与 Aaron 易错点。