五大基本句型 Five Sentence Patterns
考试：📘 KET ✓ 分类：句型结构 考试入口：KET语法清单 关联：There Be 存在句 | 疑问句 Questions
核心规则（Grammar Core）
英语再复杂的句子，骨架都是这五种之一。 掌握了五大句型，就掌握了英语的骨骼。
五大句型速查表
| 编号 | 句型 | 公式 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|---|
| ① | 主+谓 | S + V | Birds fly. / The baby is crying. |
| ② | 主+谓+宾 | S + V + O | I like music. / She reads books. |
| ③ | 主+系+表 | S + V(系) + P | He is a doctor. / The soup smells delicious. |
| ④ | 主+谓+间宾+直宾 | S + V + IO + DO | She gave me a book. = She gave a book to me. |
| ⑤ | 主+谓+宾+宾补 | S + V + O + OC | We call him Tom. / The news made her happy. |
系动词有哪些？（不止 be！）
| 类别 | 系动词 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| be 动词 | am, is, are, was, were | She is a student. |
| 感官 | look, sound, smell, taste, feel | The music sounds beautiful. |
| 变化 | become, get, turn, grow | The leaves turn yellow in autumn. |
| 保持 | keep, stay, remain | Please keep quiet. |
Trap ❌ 系动词后面跟形容词，不是副词！ ✅ The flower smells nice. （形容词） ❌
The flower smells nicely.
双宾语动词（句型④常见动词）
| 动词 | 例句 | 改写 |
|---|---|---|
| give | Give me a chance. | Give a chance to me. |
| send | Send her a letter. | Send a letter to her. |
| show | Show us your photos. | Show your photos to us. |
| buy | Buy me a drink. | Buy a drink for me. |
| make | Make her a cake. | Make a cake for her. |
give/send/show → 改写用 to buy/make/cook → 改写用 for
Grammar Lens
判断句型的方法
Step 1: 找主语（谁？什么？）
Step 2: 找谓语动词（做什么？是什么？）
Step 3: 动词后面是什么？
→ 什么都没有 → 句型①
→ 形容词/名词（描述主语）→ 句型③（系动词）
→ 名词/代词（动作对象）→ 句型②
→ 两个名词（人+物）→ 句型④
→ 名词+形容词/名词（描述宾语）→ 句型⑤
😂 Grammar Joke
五大句型的力量
The shortest complete sentence in English is just two letters:
“I am.”（我存在。）— 句型③ S + V(系) + P
The shortest question: “Am I?”（我存在吗？）
The shortest command: “Go.”（走。）— 句型① S + V（主语 You 省略）
The most powerful two-word sentence in history: “Jesus wept.”（耶稣哭了。）— 句型① S + V ——《圣经·约翰福音》11:35，英语圣经中最短的一句话，也被认为是最动人的。
语法点：再短的句子也必须包含主语+谓语（或省略主语的祈使句）。“I am” 只有两个词，但它是一个完整的句型③。
🏛 语言文化光点
SVO：英语的世界观
世界上的语言，语序各不相同：
- 英语、中文：SVO（主-谓-宾）— I love you.
- 日语、韩语、土耳其语：SOV（主-宾-谓）— 我 你 爱。
- 阿拉伯语、爱尔兰语：VSO（谓-主-宾）— 爱 我 你。
英语和中文的语序其实非常相似——这是中国孩子学英语的一个隐藏优势。句型①②③的语序和中文几乎一模一样，只是动词需要变形。
例题精讲
例1（📘 判断句型）
The cat is sleeping on the sofa.
答案：句型① S+V。is sleeping = 谓语，on the sofa = 地点状语（不是宾语）。
例2（📘 系动词辨析）
The cake _____ (taste) delicious.
答案：tastes。taste 是系动词 → 后面跟形容词 delicious，不是 tastily。
例3（📘 双宾语改写）
My mum made me a birthday cake. = My mum made a birthday cake _____ me.
答案：for。make 用 for。
📖 Real English · 真实阅读
🔵 Famous First Lines of Novels
Great books often begin with a single powerful sentence. Can you identify the sentence pattern?
- “It was the best of times, it was the worst of times.” — A Tale of Two Cities (Dickens) → 句型③ S + V(系) + P
- “All happy families are alike; each unhappy family is unhappy in its own way.” — Anna Karenina (Tolstoy) → 句型③
- “Call me Ishmael.” — Moby-Dick (Melville) → 句型⑤ S + V + O + OC
- “The old man sat in the shade.” — Style of Hemingway → 句型① S + V
- “She gave him a look that could freeze water.” — Common thriller style → 句型④ S + V + IO + DO
🔵 Headlines That Tell a Story
Newspaper headlines are stripped-down sentences. Read them and identify the pattern:
- “Scientists Discover New Planet” → 句型② S + V + O
- “Storm Leaves Thousands Homeless” → 句型⑤ S + V + O + OC
- “Dog Saves Boy from River” → 句型② S + V + O
- “President Calls Meeting Urgent” → 句型⑤ S + V + O + OC
- “The Food Tastes Terrible” → 句型③ S + V(系) + P
🔵 Churchill’s Shortest Sentences
Winston Churchill, Britain’s wartime Prime Minister, was a master of short, powerful sentences:
- “We shall fight on the beaches.” → 句型② S + V + O(地点)
- “Never in the field of human conflict was so much owed by so many to so few.” → 句型③ 倒装
- “I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears, and sweat.” → 句型② S + V + O
Churchill believed that short words and short sentences hit hardest. He once wrote “broadly speaking, the short words are the best, and the old words best of all.”
📝 中文注释（先读完英文再展开）
名著首句：狄更斯《双城记》“这是最好的时代”（系表结构）、托尔斯泰《安娜·卡列尼娜》“幸福的家庭都相似”（系表）、梅尔维尔《白鲸》“叫我以实玛利”（宾补结构）。注意每句都可以归入五大句型之一。
新闻标题：新闻标题是去掉修饰的骨架句。Scientists Discover（主谓宾）、Storm Leaves Thousands Homeless（主谓宾+宾补，Homeless 补充说明 Thousands 的状态）。
丘吉尔的短句：二战首相丘吉尔是短句大师。“We shall fight on the beaches”（主谓宾）只有7个词，却成为历史上最有力量的句子之一。他认为短词和短句的冲击力最强——这也是写作的黄金法则。
练习题
📘 KET 基础（5题）
- 判断句型：The sun rises in the east.
- 判断句型：She gave her friend a present.
- 填空：The soup _____ (taste) too salty.
- 改写：He showed us his new car. → He showed his new car _____ us.
- 填空：The teacher asked us to keep _____.（quiet / quietly）
🔗 节点关系
五大基本句型 ──────┬─ ①S+V → 最简单，一般现在/过去时
├─ ②S+V+O → 大部分句子的骨架
├─ ③S+V(系)+P → 系动词判断
├─ ④S+V+IO+DO → 双宾语改写
└─ ⑤S+V+O+OC → make/call/find 等
双链跳转： There Be 存在句 | 疑问句 Questions | 一般现在时 Simple Present | 代词 Pronouns | 比较级与最高级 Comparatives & Superlatives
Code & Rob · K12英语语法库 · KET, 2026