❤️ 词枢纽 · 情绪

10 词,按链接度(同义词数量)降序排列 数据源:02_emotions.yml 浏览入口:_总索引

📑 词头索引

tired · angry · sorry · sad · love · happy pain · worry · hope · hate


tired · 疲倦的;厌倦的;使疲倦(v. tire 的过去分词)

adj/v · 链接度 58 · CEFR A2-B1 · 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET

英文定义:needing rest after effort; bored or weary of something repeated

She was so tired after the long run that she fell asleep on the sofa. 长跑之后她累得倒在沙发上就睡着了。

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
exhausted精疲力竭tired 是普通疲倦,exhausted 是彻底榨干——“再也迈不动腿”那种exhausted after the marathon
weary身心俱疲(带厌倦感)weary 含持续的倦意,常伴有心理消耗,比 tired 更文学化weary of waiting
sleepy犯困的sleepy 专指想睡觉,tired 更泛指身体累,两者可以同时成立也可分开feel sleepy in class
worn out筋疲力尽口语短语,强调”用坏了”的意象,比 tired 更形象有力worn out after work

反义energetic · refreshed · awake

Aaron 易错点

  • tired of + Ving:厌倦做某事——I’m tired of studying → 不是「累到学不下去」而是「不想学了」
  • get tired 是「变累」,be tired 是「已经很累」,时态决定意思
  • ❌ I am very tire. ✅ I am very tired.(tire 是动词,形容词要用过去分词 tired)
  • tired 修饰人,tiring 修饰事:I’m tired(人累)/ The class is tiring(课让人累)

习语

  • tired out = 彻底累垮
  • tired of = 厌倦(+Ving) (后接动名词,不接不定式)

出现在形容词与副词 Adjectives & Adverbs · 现在完成时 Present Perfect · 被动语态 Passive Voice


angry · 愤怒的;生气的

adj · 链接度 30 · CEFR A2-B1 · 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET

英文定义:feeling or showing strong displeasure; very annoyed or upset

She was angry at herself for forgetting the homework. 她为忘带作业而生自己的气。

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
furious暴怒的furious 是愤怒的最高档,像火山喷发——angry 是煤气灶,furious 是锅炉爆炸furious at the lies
annoyed恼火的annoyed 是轻度不爽(蚊子叮),angry 是真正的怒火,程度差一个档annoyed by the noise
mad发怒的(口语)美式口语里 mad = angry;英式 mad = crazy(疯了),KET 考英式要当心Don't be mad at me.
upset心烦的;难过的upset 是情绪被扰乱(既可是怒也可是悲),angry 方向更明确指向外部upset about the news

反义calm · pleased · happy

Aaron 易错点

  • 介词陷阱:angry with sb(对人生气)/ angry at/about sth(对事生气)——不能说 angry to sb
  • ❌ She is very anger. ✅ She is very angry.(anger 是名词,形容词是 angry)
  • 比较级注意:angrier / angriest(不是 more angry,虽然也偶见)
  • mad 在英式英语 = 疯了,不是生气——KET 阅读遇到 mad 要先判断语境

习语

  • see red = 勃然大怒(口语)
  • angry bird = 愤怒的小鸟(流行文化固定短语)

出现在形容词与副词 Adjectives & Adverbs · 比较级与最高级 Comparatives & Superlatives · 介词 Prepositions


sorry · 对不起;遗憾的;可怜的

adj/interj · 链接度 27 · CEFR A2-B1 · 📘 📙 📕 · KET

英文定义:feeling regret or sadness; an expression of apology

I’m so sorry I missed your birthday party. 真的很抱歉错过了你的生日派对。

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
apologetic道歉的;歉意的apologetic 是形容词,强调”表现出歉意的状态”,比 sorry 更书面,不能单独作感叹词He gave an apologetic smile.
regretful遗憾的regretful 偏重”事后痛惜”,sorry 既可当下道歉也可表遗憾——regretful 不用于直接道歉regretful about missing the chance
remorseful悔恨的remorseful 是深层道德自责(做了坏事后良心不安),比 sorry 沉重得多remorseful for his mistakes

反义glad · pleased · proud

Aaron 易错点

  • Sorry?(单独用,句末上扬)= 什么?没听清——不是道歉,是请对方重复
  • sorry for sb(同情某人)/ sorry about sth(为某事道歉)——介词不同义思不同
  • ❌ I feel sorrow about that. ✅ I’m sorry about that.(sorrow 是名词,此处要用形容词 sorry)
  • I’m sorry to hear that. 固定表达——表达同情,不是真的「听到后道歉」

习语

  • Sorry about that. = 真不好意思(轻度道歉,口语)
  • I’m sorry to hear that. = 听到这个消息我很遗憾 (表同情的固定句式)

出现在形容词与副词 Adjectives & Adverbs · 介词 Prepositions · 宾语从句 Object Clauses


sad · 悲伤的;难过的

adj · 链接度 19 · CEFR A2-B1 · 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET

英文定义:unhappy because of loss or disappointment; causing sorrow

The ending of the film made everyone feel sad. 电影的结局让所有人都难过起来。

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
unhappy不快乐的unhappy 更泛指”缺乏快乐”(也许是长期状态),sad 指向具体的悲伤事件unhappy childhood · sad news
miserable痛苦不堪的miserable 是升级版 sad——既悲又苦,常带有生活处境糟糕的含义miserable in the rain without a coat
gloomy阴郁的gloomy 带有对未来悲观的色调,像乌云压境,不单纯是情绪悲伤a gloomy outlook
sorrowful充满悲痛的sorrowful 是文学词,比 sad 更深沉庄重,多用于诗歌或葬礼场景sorrowful eyes

反义happy · cheerful · joyful

Aaron 易错点

  • sad 修饰人,sadness 是名词:I feel sad / I feel sadness(都对,但后者偏书面)
  • ❌ I am very sad of him. ✅ I am very sad for him.(同情用 for,不用 of)
  • get sad 是动态,be sad 是状态——He got sad when he heard it(变悲了)
  • sad 比较级:sadder / saddest(双写 d)

习语

  • sad to say = 遗憾地说
  • as sad as… = 像……一样难过(比较句式)

出现在形容词与副词 Adjectives & Adverbs · 比较级与最高级 Comparatives & Superlatives · 一般过去时 Simple Past


love · 爱;热爱;爱人(n.)

n/v · 链接度 16 · CEFR A2-B1 · 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET

英文定义:a deep feeling of care and affection; to feel deep affection for

I love the smell of rain on dry earth. 我爱雨落在干土上的气息。

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
adore崇拜;极喜爱adore 是 love 的强化版——含仰视和崇拜色彩,口语里”我超爱这个”常用 adoreShe adores her little brother.
like喜欢like 是 love 的弱化版——“喜欢但不到爱”,两者程度差一个台阶I like tea, but I love coffee.
cherish珍爱;珍藏cherish 强调”精心保护不想失去”,更多是内心珍视而非表达情感cherish every moment
affection深情;爱意(n.)affection 是名词,指温暖的感情,比 love 更温和,不含激烈的浪漫成分show affection to animals

反义hate · dislike · loathe

Aaron 易错点

  • love + Ving(爱做某事)vs love + to do(某次具体愿望):I love reading / I’d love to read this book
  • fall in love with sb(固定搭配),不说 fall in love to sb
  • love 作名词时:give my love to your mum(代我向你妈妈问好)——不是字面翻译
  • Love, Rob(信末署名)= 爱你的 Rob——英文信末的固定情感收尾

习语

  • fall in love (with) = 坠入爱河
  • love at first sight = 一见钟情
  • be in love with = 爱着某人(持续状态)
  • for the love of = 因为对……的热爱

出现在动名词与不定式 Gerunds & Infinitives · 一般现在时 Simple Present · 现在完成时 Present Perfect


happy · 快乐的;幸福的;乐意的

adj · 链接度 13 · CEFR A2-B1 · 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET

英文定义:feeling pleasure or contentment; willing and glad to do something

She was happy to help, even though it was already late. 尽管已经很晚了,她还是乐意帮忙。

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
glad高兴的(因某件事)glad 必须有”因由”——glad about/that/to,不能无缘无故说 I am glad;happy 可以是整体状态glad to hear the news
cheerful开朗的;愉快的cheerful 是性格特质(天生乐天派),happy 是当下情绪——cheerful person vs happy momenta cheerful smile
joyful充满喜悦的joyful 比 happy 更强烈、更文学化,常用于诗歌或特殊时刻(joyful celebration)joyful tears
pleased满意的;高兴的pleased 是”满意地高兴”——因某事符合预期而愉快,比 happy 多了一层”如愿”的意思pleased with the result

反义sad · unhappy · miserable

Aaron 易错点

  • happy to do(乐意做)是固定搭配,不说 happy of doing
  • ❌ I am very happiness. ✅ I am very happy.(happiness 是名词,这里要形容词)
  • Happy birthday! / Happy New Year! 是固定祝福表达——不能说 Glad birthday!
  • 比较级:happier / happiest(y → i 变形规则)

习语

  • happy-go-lucky = 无忧无虑的
  • happy ending = 大团圆结局
  • as happy as a lark = 快乐无比(习语)

出现在形容词与副词 Adjectives & Adverbs · 比较级与最高级 Comparatives & Superlatives · 感叹句 Exclamative Sentences


pain · 疼痛;痛苦;使痛苦(v.)

n/v · 链接度 11 · CEFR A2-B1 · 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET

英文定义:a strong unpleasant feeling from injury or sickness; deep mental suffering

He bit his lip to hold back the pain. 他咬紧嘴唇忍住疼痛。

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
ache持续的隐痛ache 是钝性的持续疼痛(toothache 牙疼、backache 腰疼),pain 既可急性也可慢性a dull ache in the shoulder
hurt疼;受伤hurt 是口语动词(My head hurts.),pain 更书面,hurt 不能说 I have much hurtMy knee hurts when I run.
suffering苦难;煎熬suffering 是精神层面的持续折磨,pain 既指身体疼痛也指情感创伤,suffering 侧重后者the suffering of loss
agony极度痛苦agony 是 pain 的最高级——剧烈到难以忍受,带有戏剧性色彩in agony after the fall

反义pleasure · comfort · joy

Aaron 易错点

  • pain 是不可数名词,不说 a pain in my head(除非比喻「烦人的事」)——正式用 I have a pain in my head 其实也通,但教材更常见 My head hurts
  • painful 修饰事(a painful experience),not pain:❌ a pain experience
  • in pain(处于疼痛中)固定介词搭配,不是 on pain / with pain
  • be a pain(in the neck)= 让人烦透了(口语惯用语,不是身体痛)

习语

  • in pain = 处于痛苦中
  • no pain, no gain = 不劳无获
  • a pain in the neck = 令人厌烦的人或事

出现在名词与冠词 Nouns & Articles · 形容词与副词 Adjectives & Adverbs · 介词 Prepositions


worry · 担心;烦恼;令人担忧(v.)

n/v · 链接度 8 · CEFR A2-B1 · 📘 📙 📕 · KET

英文定义:to feel anxious about something uncertain; a cause of anxiety

Don’t worry about the test—you’ve done everything you can. 别为考试担心了,你已经做了一切能做的事。

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
anxious焦虑的;渴望的anxious 是形容词(状态),worry 是动词/名词(动作/事件);两者都指不确定带来的紧张anxious about the result
concern担忧;关切concern 更正式,常指对他人福祉的关切(concern for others),worry 更口语化、自我中心express concern for safety
fret焦虑;烦恼(过度担心)fret 含”过度担心小事”的意味,带轻微批评色彩——Don’t fret!(别那么担心)fret over every detail
fear害怕;担心fear 是对危险的具体恐惧,worry 是对不确定结果的焦虑——害怕 vs 担心fear of failure

反义relax · trust · calm

Aaron 易错点

  • worry about sth(固定搭配):❌ worry for / ✅ worry about
  • Don’t worry. 口语固定回应,不说 Don’t be worry.(worry 此处是动词,不是形容词)
  • worried 是形容词(人担心的),worrying 是形容词(事令人担心的):I’m worried / That’s worrying
  • worry 名词复数:worries(y→ies 变形)

习语

  • Don’t worry about it. = 别在意(安慰语)
  • worry oneself sick = 担心到病倒

出现在形容词与副词 Adjectives & Adverbs · 介词 Prepositions · 现在进行时 Present Continuous


hope · 希望;期望

n/v · 链接度 3 · CEFR A2-B1 · 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET

英文定义:a feeling that something good will happen; to want and believe something will occur

I hope we have good weather for the school trip. 希望学校旅行那天天气好。

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
wish愿望;希望(含反事实)wish 常用于虚拟语气(wish + 过去时 = 现实中做不到的愿望),hope 接的是可能实现的期望hope to pass · wish I could fly
expect期待;预期expect 有更强的”确信会发生”的语气,hope 带更多”可能性”和情感期许expect good results
desire渴望;欲望desire 比 hope 更强烈、更主动,常带执念色彩,书面语desire for change

反义despair · fear · dread

Aaron 易错点

  • hope to do(自己要做)vs hope sb to do(❌错!)——❌ I hope you to come / ✅ I hope you will come
  • I hope so. / I hope not. 固定搭配——不说 I hope yes/no
  • hope vs wish:❌ I wish the weather is fine tomorrow(不确定但可能发生,用 hope)
  • in the hope of + Ving(固定短语):in the hope of finding a solution

习语

  • I hope so. = 我希望如此
  • hope for the best = 往好处想
  • beyond hope = 毫无希望

出现在宾语从句 Object Clauses · 虚拟语气 Subjunctive Mood · 动名词与不定式 Gerunds & Infinitives


hate · 憎恨;厌恶;极不喜欢

v/n · 链接度 2 · CEFR A2-B1 · 📘 📙 · Ogden · KET

英文定义:to feel very strong dislike or disgust for something or someone

He hates getting up early, especially in winter. 他讨厌早起,尤其是冬天。

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
dislike不喜欢;厌恶dislike 是 hate 的轻量版——hate 是强烈厌恶,dislike 是”不怎么喜欢”,程度差一个台阶dislike loud music · hate lies
detest憎恶;深恶痛绝detest 是 hate 的书面升级版,带有道德反感色彩,常用于正式写作She detests any form of cruelty.
loathe厌恶;嫌恶loathe 比 hate 更感官化——有时带恶心、生理性排斥,是厌恶情绪中最强烈的词loathe the smell of cigarettes

反义love · adore · like

Aaron 易错点

  • hate + Ving(习惯性厌恶)vs hate + to do(某次具体不情愿):I hate getting up late / I hate to say this, but…
  • ❌ I very hate this. ✅ I hate this very much / I really hate this.(hate 前不能直接加 very)
  • hatred 是名词(憎恨之情),hate 作名词偏口语——full of hatred / feel nothing but hate
  • hate speech(仇恨言论)是固定搭配,Aaron 读新闻类题目可能遇到

习语

  • hate sb’s guts = 极度厌恶某人(口语强烈)
  • I hate to say it, but… = 我不得不说……(用来引出坏消息)

出现在动名词与不定式 Gerunds & Infinitives · 一般现在时 Simple Present · 否定句 Negation