现在进行时 Present Continuous
考试：📘 KET ✓ 📙 PET ✓ 📕 FCE·雅思 ✓ 分类：时态 考试入口：KET语法清单 | PET语法清单 关联：一般现在时 Simple Present（易混淆⚠️）| 过去进行时 Past Continuous
核心规则（Grammar Core）
什么时候用？
- 此刻正在发生 — She is reading a book right now.
- 近期临时安排 — I am meeting Tom tomorrow afternoon.（已约好的计划）
- 变化中的趋势 — The weather is getting colder.
构成公式
| 句型 | 公式 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 肯定 | S + am/is/are + V-ing | They are watching a film. |
| She is reading a book right now. | ||
| 否定 | S + am/is/are + not + V-ing | I am not listening to music. |
| He isn’t working today. | ||
| 疑问 | Am/Is/Are + S + V-ing? | Are you coming to the party? |
| Is she waiting for us? |
V-ing 变形规则
| 规则 | 例子 |
|---|---|
| 一般加 -ing | read → reading, play → playing, eat → eating, watch → watching |
| 去 e 加 -ing | make → making, write → writing, come → coming, dance → dancing |
| 双写末尾辅音 + ing | run → running, swim → swimming, sit → sitting, stop → stopping |
| ie → ying | die → dying, lie → lying, tie → tying |
Culture Note 🇬🇧 英国人打电话第一句常说 “Are you doing anything at the moment?”（你现在忙吗？）——地道的现在进行时。在书虫的对话里你会经常遇到这种开场白。美国人更直接：“Are you busy?”
Grammar Lens
时间轴定位
过去 ←————————— 现在 ——————————→ 将来
↕
▶━━━◀ ← 现在进行时：此刻正在发生的一段动作
"I am reading."
进行时像一台正在播放的摄像机——镜头对准的就是”现在这一刻”。
对比辨析：现在进行时 vs 一般现在时 ⚠️
| 一般现在时 | 现在进行时 | |
|---|---|---|
| 时间感 | 经常/总是 | 此刻/临时 |
| 例句 | I drink coffee every morning. | I am drinking coffee（right now）. |
| 画面 | 一张习惯的照片 | 一段正在播放的视频 |
经典 KET 陷阱：
— What do you do?（你做什么工作？→ 一般现在时问职业） — What are you doing?（你现在在干什么？→ 进行时问此刻）
这两句话长得很像，意思完全不同。KET 听力爱考。
不能用进行时的动词（Stative Verbs）⚠️
有些动词描述状态而非动作，不能加 -ing：
| 类别 | 动词 | 错误 ❌ | 正确 ✅ |
|---|---|---|---|
| 感官 | know, believe, understand | I know | |
| 情感 | love, like, hate, want | She wants | |
| 拥有 | have（表拥有）, own, belong | I have a car | |
| 感觉 | see, hear, smell, taste | I see you |
但注意：have 表示”正在吃/做”时可以用进行时！ I am having lunch.（正在吃午饭）✅ — 这里 have = eat
信号词速查
| 信号词 | 中文 |
|---|---|
| now / right now | 现在 |
| at the moment | 此刻 |
| Look! / Listen! | 看！/ 听！ |
| these days / this week | 这些天/这周 |
| still | 仍然（还在进行） |
😂 Grammar Joke
现在进行时笑话
A man calls his friend: “What are you doing?” “I’m trying to do nothing.” “But you did nothing yesterday!” “Yes, but I wasn’t finished.”
一个人打电话问朋友：“你正在做什么？“（现在进行时） “我正在努力什么都不做。” “但你昨天已经什么都没做了！“（过去时） “对，但我还没做完。”
语法点：am/is/are doing（现在进行时）vs did（过去时）——“正在做”和”做了”是两回事，即使做的是”nothing”。
🏛 语言文化光点
莎士比亚时代没有进行时？
进行时（be + V-ing）在古英语中几乎不存在。直到16-17世纪才逐渐流行起来。莎士比亚（Shakespeare, 1564-1616）有时用，有时不用——在他的时代，说 “I write a letter” 和 “I am writing a letter” 都表示”我正在写信”。
到了18世纪，英国人才明确区分这两种用法。所以当你学 “I am reading” 和 “I read” 的区别时，你学的其实是一个只有 300 年历史的新规则。
例题精讲
例1（📘 KET · Listening）
你听到：
“Look at those dark clouds. It _____ soon.”
A. rains B. is raining C. is going to rain
答案：C。dark clouds = 有迹象表明 → be going to。 （注意：不选B。is raining = 此刻已经在下，但题目说”soon”= 还没下。）
例2（📘 KET · Reading）
— Where’s Mum? — She’s in the kitchen. She _____ (cook) dinner.
答案：is cooking。描述此刻正在做的事 → 现在进行时。
例3（📘 KET · 辨析题）
My dad _____ (work) in a bank. Today he _____ (work) from home.
答案：works（职业 = 习惯 → 一般现在时）；is working（today = 临时 → 进行时）。
例4（📙 PET · Writing）
描述一张照片（PET Speaking 常考）：
In the picture, a family is having a picnic in the park. The children are playing with a dog, and the mother is reading a magazine. It looks like a sunny day.
注意：looks 用一般现在时（感官动词描述状态），其他动作用进行时。
例5（📕 FCE · 高级用法）
You are always losing your keys!（你总是丢钥匙！）
always + 进行时 = 表达不耐烦/抱怨。这是进行时的情感色彩用法，FCE 和雅思写作中很有用。
📖 Real English · 真实阅读
🔵 Breaking News: Volcano in Iceland
Right now, a volcano in Iceland is erupting again. Lava is flowing down the mountain and thick smoke is rising into the sky. Scientists are monitoring the situation closely. Thousands of tourists are cancelling their flights. The Icelandic government is warning people to stay away from the area. “The earth is shaking every few minutes,” says local farmer Olaf. “We are hoping it will stop soon.”
🔵 What Is Happening to the Arctic?
The Arctic is changing faster than any other place on Earth. Ice is melting at a record rate. Polar bears are losing their homes. Sea levels are rising every year. Scientists are working hard to understand these changes, but time is running out. “The planet is sending us a message,” says climate researcher Dr. Sarah Chen. “We are not listening carefully enough.”
🔵 A Day at Hogwarts
Harry is sitting in the Great Hall. Ron is eating his third plate of sausages. Hermione is reading a book — as usual. Professor McGonagall is walking towards them with a serious look on her face. “Something bad is happening,” Harry whispers. Outside, dark clouds are gathering over the castle. The Whomping Willow is swaying in the wind. Another adventure is beginning.
📝 中文注释（先读完英文再展开）
冰岛火山新闻：冰岛火山正在喷发，岩浆流下山坡，浓烟升入天空。科学家正在密切监测，游客正在取消航班。注意 is erupting/is flowing/is rising 等现在进行时描述”此刻正在发生”的新闻场景。
北极正在发生什么：北极正在以创纪录的速度变化——冰在融化、北极熊失去家园、海平面上升。is changing/is melting/are losing/are rising 用进行时表达”正在发生的趋势变化”。
霍格沃茨的一天：哈利坐在大礼堂，罗恩在吃第三盘香肠，赫敏在看书。麦格教授正走过来，表情严肃。这段用进行时铺设故事场景——和过去进行时铺设背景的手法一样，只是时间换到了”现在”。
练习题
📘 KET 基础（5题）
- Be quiet! The baby _____ (sleep).
- _____ (you / watch) TV? I need to talk to you.
- She usually _____ (walk) to school, but today she _____ (take) the bus.
- I can’t come out. I _____ (do) my homework.
- Look! It _____ (snow)!
📙 PET 进阶（3题）
- 改错：
I am knowing the answer.→ - 描述图片（用4个进行时句子）：海滩场景——有人游泳、有人看书、孩子堆沙堡、太阳照耀
- He _____ (always / complain) about the food. It’s really annoying!
🔗 节点关系
一般现在时（习惯）
↕ 易混⚠️
现在进行时 ──────┬─ 过去进行时（把"现在镜头"移到过去）
├─ 一般将来时（近期安排 vs will）
└─ 现在完成进行时（have been doing · PET）
双链跳转： 一般现在时 Simple Present | 过去进行时 Past Continuous | 一般将来时 Future Simple
Code & Rob · K12英语语法库 · KET/PET, 2026