There Be 存在句
考试：📘 KET ✓ 📙 PET ✓ 分类：句型结构 考试入口：KET语法清单 | PET语法清单 关联：五大基本句型 Five Sentence Patterns | 名词与冠词 Nouns & Articles
核心规则（Grammar Core）
构成公式
| 时态 | 公式 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 现在 | There is + 单数/不可数 | There is a book on the desk. |
| There are + 复数 | There are three cats in the garden. | |
| 过去 | There was + 单数/不可数 | There was a party last night. |
| There were + 复数 | There were many people at the concert. | |
| 将来 | There will be | There will be a meeting tomorrow. |
| 完成 | There has/have been | There have been many changes. |
否定和疑问
| 句型 | 例句 |
|---|---|
| 否定 | There isn’t a cinema near here. / There aren’t any shops. |
| 疑问 | Is there a bank near here? / Are there any students? |
| 回答 | Yes, there is. / No, there aren’t. |
就近原则 ⚠️
There be 后面有多个名词时，be 动词跟最近的那个一致：
There is a pen and two books on the desk.
↑
is 跟最近的 a pen（单数）一致
There are two books and a pen on the desk.
↑
are 跟最近的 two books（复数）一致
Grammar Lens
There be vs have/has ⚠️
| There be | have/has |
|---|---|
| 表示”存在”（某地有某物） | 表示”拥有”（某人有某物） |
| There is a park near my house. | I have a big garden. |
| 主语在后面（倒装） | 主语在前面（正常语序） |
❌
There has a park near my house.❌There have many students in the classroom.中文都说”有”，但英语区分”存在”和”拥有”！
some vs any（和 There be 高频搭配）
| some | any |
|---|---|
| 肯定句 | 否定句 + 疑问句 |
| There are some apples. | There aren’t any apples. |
| Are there any apples? |
例外：请求/建议的疑问句用 some： Would you like some tea?（请求 → 用 some）
😂 Grammar Joke
There be 的哲学
Teacher: “Make a sentence with ‘there is’.” Student: “There is a fly in my soup.” Teacher: “Good. Now make it past tense.” Student: “There was a fly in my soup… but I ate it.” Teacher: “That’s… grammatically correct.”
学生正确使用了 There is（现在有）和 There was（过去有）。 从现在时到过去时的变化也暗示了汤里苍蝇的命运——它从 is 变成了 was。
语法点：There is（现在存在）→ There was（过去存在）——时态变化改变的不仅是语法，还有整个故事的走向。
🏛 语言文化光点
“Once upon a time, there was…”
几乎所有英语童话故事都以 There be 开头：
“Once upon a time, there was a beautiful princess who lived in a tall tower.” — 经典童话开头
书虫系列的简化版名著也常以 There be 开场：
“There were four children — Peter, Susan, Edmund and Lucy.” — The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe（纳尼亚传奇）
There be 是英语叙事的”开幕式”——它引入一个新的存在，告诉读者”这个世界里有这样一个东西/人”。
例题精讲
例1（📘 KET · is/are 选择）
There _____ a lot of traffic on the road this morning.
答案：is。traffic 是不可数名词 → is。
例2（📘 KET · 就近原则）
There _____ a teacher and thirty students in the classroom.
答案：is。就近 → a teacher（单数）→ is。
例3（📘 KET · some/any）
— Are there _____ good restaurants near here? — Yes, there are _____.
答案：any（疑问句）；some（肯定回答）。
例4（📘 KET · Listening 问路场景）
“Is there a post office near here?” “Yes, there’s one on King Street.”
KET 听力 Part 3/4 经常是问路对话，There be 是高频句式。
例5（📙 PET · 过去时/将来时扩展）
Last year, there were only two coffee shops in our town. Now there are five. Next year, there will be even more.
三种时态的 There be 在一个段落中——PET 写作可以这样展示时态能力。
📖 Real English · 真实阅读
🔵 Welcome to Our School
Welcome to Greenfield International School! There are about 800 students and 60 teachers here. There is a large library on the second floor with over 10,000 books. There are two computer labs and a science lab. There is a swimming pool behind the main building, and there are two football pitches. There is also a small garden where students grow vegetables. There isn’t a school uniform, but there are rules about what you can wear. There is a bus service for students who live far away. Are there any questions?
🔵 Life on a Desert Island
Imagine you are on a desert island. There are palm trees and a white sandy beach. There is fresh water from a small stream. There are some fruits — coconuts and bananas. But there aren’t any shops, and there isn’t a hospital. There is no electricity and there is no internet. There are birds and insects, but there aren’t any dangerous animals. At night, there are millions of stars in the sky — more than you have ever seen. Is there anything you would miss from home?
🔵 Changes in Our Town: Then and Now
Thirty years ago, there was only one school in our town. Now there are three. There were no supermarkets — there was just a small market on Saturdays. Today, there are two big supermarkets and a shopping mall. There wasn’t a hospital; people had to drive 50 km to the nearest one. Now there is a modern hospital with 200 beds. Back then, there were lots of farms around the town. Now there are apartments and offices where the farms used to be. There have been so many changes. Some people say life is better now. Others miss the way things were.
📝 中文注释（先读完英文再展开）
学校介绍：There are 800 students/There is a library/There are two labs——介绍场所设施是 There be 的最典型应用场景。注意 There isn’t（否定单数）和 There aren’t（否定复数）的切换。最后 Are there any questions? 是老师的经典收尾句。
荒岛生活：There are palm trees/There is fresh water/There aren’t any shops/There is no electricity——描述”有什么/没什么”是 There be 的核心功能。注意 There is no… = There isn’t a…，两种否定方式。
小镇变迁：There was/There were（过去）vs There is/There are（现在）vs There have been（完成时）——三种时态的 There be 在一段话中对比使用。这种 “then and now” 的写作模式在 PET 写作中非常实用。
练习题
📘 KET 基础（5题）
- There _____ (be) a cinema and two bookshops in our town.
- _____ there _____ (be) any milk in the fridge?
- There _____ (not be) any clouds in the sky yesterday.
- There _____ (be) a big park near my school. I often go there.
- How many students _____ there in your class?
📙 PET 进阶（3题）
- There _____ (be) a lot of changes in our city since 2020.
- 改错：
There have a swimming pool in our school. - 用 There be 的三种时态写一段3句话描述你的社区变化。
🔗 节点关系
五大基本句型（There be 是特殊倒装句式）
↓
There Be 存在句 ──────┬─ is/are/was/were 选择
├─ some/any 搭配
├─ 就近原则
└─ have/has 区别（存在 vs 拥有）
双链跳转： 五大基本句型 Five Sentence Patterns | 名词与冠词 Nouns & Articles | 介词 Prepositions | 一般现在时 Simple Present | 一般过去时 Simple Past
Code & Rob · K12英语语法库 · KET/PET, 2026