感叹句 Exclamatory Sentences
考试：📘 KET ✓ 中考 ✓ 分类：句型结构 考试入口：KET语法清单 关联：疑问句 Questions | 五大基本句型 Five Sentence Patterns
核心规则（Grammar Core）
两大句型公式
| 句型 | 公式 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| What 型 | What + a/an + 形 + 可数单数名词 + 主 + 谓！ | What a beautiful day it is! |
| What 型 | What + 形 + 不可数/复数名词 + 主 + 谓！ | What lovely flowers they are! |
| How 型 | How + 形容词/副词 + 主 + 谓！ | How fast she runs! |
| How 型 | How + 形容词 + a/an + 名词！（书面语） | How clever a student he is! |
关键判断：What 还是 How？
一看后面跟的是什么
- 后面有名词 → 用 What
- 后面只有形容词/副词（没有名词）→ 用 How
What a tall boy he is! ← tall + boy（有名词）→ What
How tall he is! ← tall（没有名词）→ How
a/an 的取舍
What 型遇到可数单数名词，必须加 a 或 an：
| 正确 | 错误 |
|---|---|
| What a great idea! | |
| What an exciting game! | |
| What beautiful music! | — （music 不可数，不加 a/an）✅ |
| What lovely birds! | — （birds 复数，不加 a/an）✅ |
主谓可省略（口语）
感叹句在口语中常省去主语和谓语，只保留核心部分：
| 完整形式 | 省略形式（口语） |
|---|---|
| What a lovely day it is! | What a lovely day! |
| How beautiful she is! | How beautiful! |
| What delicious food this is! | What delicious food! |
Grammar Lens
对比辨析：What vs How ⚠️
中文"多么"和"真是"不能直接映射
中文 错误翻译 正确翻译 多么聪明的孩子！ How clever child!What a clever child! 他跑得多快啊！ What fast he runs!How fast he runs! 真是美丽的城市！ How beautiful city!What a beautiful city! 诀窍：盖住形容词，看剩下有没有名词。有 → What；没有 → How。
感叹句 vs 陈述句 vs 疑问句
| 句型 | 例子 | 标点 |
|---|---|---|
| 陈述句 | It is a beautiful day. | 句号 |
| 疑问句 | Is it a beautiful day? | 问号 |
| 感叹句 | What a beautiful day it is! | 感叹号 |
主谓顺序：感叹句里主谓顺序与陈述句相同（不像疑问句需要倒装）。
How clever she is! ✅（主谓正常顺序）
~~How clever is she!~~ ❌（不倒装）
感叹句 vs 感叹词
| 类型 | 例子 | 区别 |
|---|---|---|
| 感叹句（有结构） | What a surprise! / How strange! | 有 What/How 框架 |
| 感叹词（无结构） | Wow! Oh! Ouch! Bravo! | 单独使用，无句法结构 |
😂 Grammar Joke
What a mistake!
A student wrote in his essay: “What a beautiful childs the tourists are!”
His teacher circled it and wrote: “What terrible grammar this is!”
老师的纠错本身就是一个完美的感叹句——What terrible grammar this is!
学生的错误：child 是可数名词，复数是 children，不是 childs。 而且 child 复数用 What + 复数名词，不加 a：What beautiful children the tourists are!
🏛 语言文化光点
感叹号的历史
感叹号（!）据说来自拉丁语叹词 io（表示喜悦），古代抄写员把 i 写在 o 上方，久而久之 o 变成了一个点，就变成了今天的感叹号。
英语写作中，感叹号用得越少越显得有力。简·奥斯汀整部《傲慢与偏见》只有极少数感叹号，每一个都重如千钧。现代网络写作里”！！！“泛滥，反而让每一个感叹号的重量归零。
所以在正式写作中：一段话一个感叹号就够了，用在最该用的地方。
例题精讲
例1（📘 KET · 填空）
_____ interesting book this is! I can’t put it down. A. What an B. What C. How D. How an
答案：A。book 是可数单数名词 → What；interesting 以元音音素开头 → an。What an interesting book this is!
例2（📘 KET · 改错）
How a wonderful surprise!
答案：What a wonderful surprise! surprise 是名词 → 用 What，不用 How。
例3（📘 KET · 翻译）
“这台电脑多旧啊！”
答案：How old this computer is! 或 What an old computer this is! 两种都对，前者强调”旧”，后者强调”这台电脑”。
例4（中考 · 改写）
The weather is terribly hot today. → _____ _____ _____ today!
答案：How terribly hot it is today! / What terribly hot weather it is today!
例5（中考 · 判断）
判断正误并改正：
“What fast runners they are!”
答案：正确！runners 是复数名词 → What + 复数名词，不加 a/an。这句话完全正确。
📖 Real English · 真实阅读
🔵 The First Day
Emma opened the box slowly. Inside was a tiny golden puppy, its eyes still half-closed. “What a beautiful little thing!” she whispered. Her brother Tom ran over. “What big ears it has!” he said. Their mother smiled. “How quickly you two have fallen in love with it.” Emma held the puppy close. It licked her nose. “How warm it feels!” she laughed. Their father shook his head. “What a lot of trouble this will be.” But he was smiling too.
🔵 The Science Fair
At the school science fair, Jamie showed his project: a homemade volcano. He pressed a button. The volcano erupted with a loud pop and sent foam flying across three tables. The judges stepped back. “What a mess!” said one. “What an unexpected result!” said another, trying not to smile. Jamie stared at the foam on the judges’ suits. “How embarrassing this is,” he said quietly. Then the third judge looked at the data chart behind the volcano. “What careful research you have done here,” she said. “What a pity about the explosion.”
🔵 The Old City
I visited the old city last summer. Walking through the stone streets, I kept stopping. What narrow lanes! What tall buildings they had built with such old tools! Around one corner, a small café had chairs spilling onto the street. The smell of fresh bread hit me. How wonderful it was! An old man sat by the door, reading a newspaper without glasses. I asked him how old the city was. He put down his paper. “How should I know?” he said. “I only moved here sixty years ago.”
📝 中文注释（先读完英文再展开）
第一天：连续 6 个感叹句示范。注意 “What a beautiful little thing”（可数单数），“What big ears”（复数，不加 a），“How quickly you have fallen in love”（副词 quickly），“How warm it feels”（形容词 warm），“What a lot of trouble”（lot 是可数单数名词）。
科学展：三位评委的三个感叹句角度各异：“What a mess”（感叹结果），“What an unexpected result”（评价），“What careful research”（复数性质的不可数名词 research，不加 a）。Jamie 的内心感叹 “How embarrassing this is” 用 How。
老城：导游式叙述中感叹句密集出现。“What narrow lanes”（复数），“What tall buildings they had built”（复数，主谓保留）。最后老人用 “How should I know?” 是疑问语气借用感叹句格式，语气幽默，是英语中常见的修辞用法。
练习题
📘 KET 基础（5题）
- _____ an amazing view this is! （What / How）
- _____ quickly time flies! （What / How）
- What _____ old house! （a / an / 不填）
- What _____ interesting people they are! （a / an / 不填）
- 翻译：“她唱得多美啊！” → _____
中考综合（3题）
- 合并：The story is very moving. → _____ _____ story _____ is!
- 改错：
How a lucky dog you are! - 用两种方式感叹”今天天气很糟糕”：
- What ______
- How ______
🔗 节点关系
五大基本句型（陈述 / 疑问 / 祈使 / 感叹 / 否定）
↓
感叹句 ──┬── What 型（有名词）─── 名词与冠词（a/an 取舍）
└── How 型（无名词）──── 比较级与最高级（形容词/副词）
双链跳转： 五大基本句型 Five Sentence Patterns | 疑问句 Questions | 名词与冠词 Nouns & Articles | 否定句 Negation
🔗 高频枢纽词 词枢纽 →
以下词汇属于 K12 词枢纽，在本节点高频出现——点击可查看同义辨析与 Aaron 易错点。